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anto T men and women differ in the way we express our feelings in close emotional relationships: friendships, parent-child and, above all, a couple. Thus, some people feel comfortable and secure in this type of relationship, emotionally engage intensively without fear, seeking physical contact and express their feelings openly. In contrast, others expressed great anxiety and fear of romantic relationships, show how unfounded jealous, attention seeking and signs of affection, are extremely sticky, and end harass their partners. Finally, we could find women and especially men, who are very cold in these relationships, to such an extent that in extreme cases they avoid the emotional involvement and hard to bond, preferring casual. Although the typology may be richer, I think these three types of subjects are the most recognizable.

The question likely will be doing the reader interested in the topic, is why we differ so much in our ways of love? The answer lies in our childhood, especially in relationships with our fathers and mothers in the first years of life. Ie, the type of attachment or emotional bond established (see here ). No wonder that in these early relationships in which close physical contact and expression of feelings are essential, we have learned a form of love that we will then generalized to other types of relationships. Parental availability, affection, attention to our have generated a model needs insurance, which led us to trust in others and in ourselves: we want and deserve to others deserve our affection. If, however, availability was not total, and caregivers showed erratic behavior regarding the care of these needs, the model constructed included some uncertainty and anxiety, because you never know with certainty what the parental behavior to our needs. Finally, when parents or mothers showed a little lack of attention to our needs and very limited availability, education taken was clear: we must be self-sufficient and we must avoid at all costs to establish close relations to depend emotionally on other people because we can never trust them, the emotional coldness is a shell that will protect us.

Clearly, the models constructed in childhood may be altered, especially during the first decades of life, based on our experiences in relationships with people other than our caregivers: family, friends and, above all, partners. However, most studies find enough continuity in attachment patterns throughout the life cycle.

One of the most widely used psychometric instruments to evaluate our models of attachment in romantic relationships is the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised ECR-R-(Fraley, Waller & Brennan, 2000), revised version of the questionnaire prepared by Brennan, Clark, and Shaver's (1998), Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR).
This instrument has two scales or dimensions:

- Anxiety in the relationship: ie, worry, insecurity, jealousy and fear of losing the partner.
- Avoidance : feelings of discomfort in relationships, they will tend therefore to be avoided.

From these two dimensions gave rise to four types or models of adult attachment:

1. Insurance : low anxiety and low avoidance.
2. Concerned : high anxiety and low avoidance.
3. Fearful : high anxiety and high avoidance.
4. Self-Sufficient (Dimissing): low anxiety and high avoidance.

Want to know your type of attachment? You can complete the test and get the answer here. Although you advance that is in English.

Fraley, RC, Waller, NG, & Brennan, KA (2000). An item-response theory analysis of self-report Measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350-365. ***

If I had the heart,

the same as lost.

If you forget to

yesterday destroyed it, and could love you, hug me

your illusion

to mourn your love.

.

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resistant Brains

N or want to be ominous, but surely you have noticed or will notice if you do not you pass forty, how to Over time your legs and your brain have become more lazy. And, however much we care, our brains grow old and die, so that the foot still holding the gun must make a daily effort greater than when they were younger and were more outings.

However, you also you will have noticed that you are still capable of performing many complex tasks as well or even better than when you were a twentysomething. This is especially evident when it comes to tasks that probably learned long ago and have been held fast with an intensive and repetitive practice.

The reason for this resistance is partly due to that practice, areas of the brain responsible for a particular motor skills, perceptual cognitive or expand. To be more responsible area, every little brain damage associated with aging does not affect the whole area, so that the skills acquired will not be lost forever because neurons survive in this vast region that will handle the job.

Another justification has to do with that practice reduces the metabolic demand for oxygen by neuronal tissue responsible for the task. Thus, although age diminishes the oxygen supply to our brain, we can do the job with a lower supply, provided that it is a well established skill or competence. Ie, increases the efficiency of these neurons either trained, they require little fuel to do their job.

The combined effect of these phenomena effectively counteract the consequences of certain diseases or simply aging neuronal have for our cognitive performance. Despite the age, with few exceptions, do not lose our expertise at executing those tasks well established domain. However, that does not happen with new competencies and skills acquisition, which still requires good oxygenation and will be located in a small area of \u200b\u200bthe brain. In this case we must work harder and practice more than when we were younger until competition is well established, and increase the neurons involved, which also consume less O2.

is, like maintaining a good physical tone in old age requires more effort than in youth, learning new tasks require more practice to achieve a consolidation that will stand the test of time. Otherwise we will see how these newly learned skills evaporate generating an intense frustration, as we will have to start over.

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The PISA 2009 report on alleged

L for publication Data from the PISA report has re-generated an interesting debate about the quality of our education system, as in previous assessments, not standing out too well fall below the average for OECD countries. And as often happens after the publication of results, much of the analysis focuses on the comparison between countries, to infer from some of the characteristics of educational models of countries that are at the top of the ranking recipes to improve ours.

Many of these countries well placed, as South Korea and Finland, have educational systems that show some features that would not hurt to import, and that in no way suggest that what we need is a return to more traditional school. For example, increased psycho-pedagogical training of teachers, a lower requirement for the students repeat courses, lower segregation levels according to their performance, learning more practical and socio-constructivist, a lot of support to pupils with difficulties , even from their more advanced. That is, characteristics that have been frequently criticized by those with little expertise in a subject as complex as education show no qualms about a recurring issue opinions that have significant media coverage (see here ).

But PISA report data related to the comparison between countries, which are those that tend to have greater impact, they must be viewed with caution, because they come from very different cultures in which lifestyles or ethics related to work are at the antipodes. Or have something in common with a traditional Asian Buddhist or Taoist, with other northern or southern Europe, Protestant or Calvinist, the first and second-Catholic? And the recipes are valid in one context may be ineffective in others, they can achieve the same results with other measures. Thus, while some of the countries that occupy positions high ranking, such as Finland, are basically public school, in others such as South Korea's private education majority.

More interest offers the fine print of the PISA results, which often go unnoticed to the general public. Like, what are the characteristics of schools that do better? What are the variables that explain the differences between students from the same school are greater than the differences between centers, or even between countries? But above all, what is the relationship between scores on tests of language, mathematics and science with other indicators of personal adjustment, as life satisfaction or emotional problems.

latter aspect is particularly relevant when we consider that South Korea shows a high rate of suicides among primary and secondary students, which increased by almost 50% from 2008 to 2009, with the lower grades a of the main justifications. This is not surprising when you consider that students of this Asian country shows a high rate of competitiveness and stress, and great unhappiness, with many hours spent on homework, and little sleep or play. Something similar could be said of Finland, which in recent years has led European statistics on teenage suicides.

improve the academic performance of our students is a laudable objective to ensure social and technological progress, but this should not undermine the cost of their health and psychological balance. And is that a good school that meets their educational role should ensure comprehensive training of new generations, not only to achieve scale ranking positions in the PISA.

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Clarifications homophobic activities undertaken in the School of Psychology at the University of Seville

I nternet is an inexhaustible source of information, as well as hoaxes and false information. In the previous post I referred to my college entrance the black list of English universities to promote pseudoscientific activities. Although in this case the charge was more serious because the alleged activities organized at my school had a clear homophobic component.

The fact that most of the faculty of the School of Psychology, Sevilla have shown over time a clear stance to defend sexual diversity makes accusations of homophobia directed at our colleague and dean, and by extension all our heart, are particularly insulting, and require clarification.

then reproduce the text drafted by Antonio Aguilera, dean of the School of Psychology University of Seville.

STATEMENT BY DEAN OF THE SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY, ANTONIO JIMENEZ AGUILERA ON THE SPREAD IN YOUTUBE VIDEO WITH THE TITLE "heal homosexuality."

Last November 18 was held in the Aula de Grados, a conference entitled: "Reasons for hope: liberation movements of the poor." It was the fourth conference of a cycle under the title "XXII Conference with the Poor of the Earth" organized by the Christian Cultural Movement in collaboration with the Religious Support Service, University of Sevilla (Sarus).
Once initiated the conference, go the Aula de Grados a group of people who claimed to belong to LGBT saying he was offended because one of the organizers of the event distributed a book entitled "Understanding and Healing Homosexuality." I was as an audience at that conference and, given my dean, I was forced to invite them to leave the room so he could continue the act. Once outside I had a verbal exchange with LGBT members was recorded for these and certain scenes were selected to be edited and posted on the Internet. The content of this video has sparked a lively debate that forces me to point out the following facts:
On the conference:
a) The content of the above conference had absolutely nothing to do with homosexuality, referring to the description contents of various interventions empowering experiences of liberation movements in poor countries.
b) That neither I nor the Department of Psychology have any responsibility in organizing events for the "XXII week with the Poor of the Earth." These have been organized by the Movement Sarus and Christian worship. So widespread has the posters for the call for them.
c) As we all know, the management of common areas each year under one of the powers share the building, and throughout 2010 is the Faculty of Philosophy responsible for the management of these spaces.
d) That all the posters announcing the event was provided by the organizers, limiting this deanery to announce, at the request of the same in the two TV screens we have available in the lobby and on the door study room of the library.
e) Each of the four conferences have been held conferences in as many campuses on which the dean does not have power.
On the video:
In the video posted on the Internet is given a dialog in which I participate and that it follows from my alleged homophobia what I say in this dialogue, especially in my references to the DSM-V and the need for the therapist to take into account his client's request without prejudice that the only possible intervention is that of help take his alleged homosexuality.
As for the content of my words, as shown in the video, I can understand that you can play offensive, which was far from my intention and I regret deeply that this occurred.
However, in order to clarify my personal position, I wanted to convey the idea that is not contrary to my position open and respectful relationship with all conditions of human diversity, including those related to their sexuality. It is known my personal and professional position has always been to assume the cost of defending these positions resulted.
Beyond these circumstances I want to express my opposition to the irresponsible manipulation of which is under the university community that I represent, pointing out that:
a) Since I have responsibilities in the management of the School of Psychology, have contributed the extent of my ability, to make this center a place where all social groups can find a place for discussion and dissemination of activities related rigorous promotion of democratic values.
b) To the extent that matched me, I have avoided sectarian and dogmatic positions on any issue related to human welfare. To this end I have found in the freedom of expression and the responsibility and trust of colleagues, students and social partners, the best partner for this ability to become a center open to human diversity.
c) For the purpose of the controversial book, this option has no record of its distribution on its premises or have any responsibility for their content. In any case regret and reject it, abusing the trust, any group can spread or have spread content that is discriminatory, including homophobia.
d) is proud to have personal and scientific contributed to the extent of my responsibilities to strengthen the presence of the Faculty of Psychology through research groups, their educational projects and spaces for participation of the university community, in the defense of human diversity. In fact, our faculty is now known for its leadership in the scientific analysis undertaken with respect for the rights of all people regardless of their different characteristics.
e) It is my duty to defend the university community that I represent irresponsible attacks convey to society a distorted picture of the scientific community, what weakens us as such but above all, it weakens society. This is particularly so when these attacks come from groups that flying the flag of equality, tolerance and protection of the disadvantaged.
f) Finally, I invite the entire scientific community and social groups involved to discuss and disseminate the work we are doing in defense of human diversity and, specifically, of human sexual diversity, in an open forum that I undertake to promote in the near future. Seville
November 29, 2010 Signed


.: Antonio Aguilera Jiménez
Dean of the Faculty of Psychology UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE

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To cure homosexuality? Children

Y to're on the list. I refer to the University of Seville and the list of English universities offering courses or activities related to pseudoscience such as astrology, spiritualism and homeopathy. Http://listadelaverguenza.blogspot.com/ .

The reason you have not taken to obtain that prize is the distribution in the Faculty of Psychology "book" Richard Cohen, a quite freaky that has spent years spreading his therapy aimed at homosexual individuals return to the sacred path of heterosexuality.

is well known that homosexuality was removed from the DSM-IV in 1973 and no longer considered a disease and that most psychological problems associated with this sexual orientation are due to the homophobic prejudices that have had much presence in our society. Combat these prejudices is the primary means to normalize the lives of those who are attracted to persons of the same sex. In contrast, re-pathologizing homosexuality is the most direct way to promote homophobic prejudice and, therefore, increase the exclusion and suffering of this "invisible minority."

I understand the serious and scientific debate is essential to the advancement and consolidation of a science as fragile as psychology, so I provide an opportunity Cohen and look on the net some references on their scientific work. Well, the thing is not easy, nothing here, nothing there. But I find a link to the book that outlines the foundations of his wonderful therapy, so I decide to take a look.

Index already promised, but its content is authentic hard drug. The writer proves to be endowed with a good sense of humor and a rather pessimistic view on the intellectual level of potential readers of his book. The text includes some references that aim to give it a serious, clear that most of these quotes are a bit stale, even one of them is a publication that has not gone through the usual channel of any scientific publication, the peer review. See if this example:

" The fact that Jared's father was prohibited from expressing their anger also was another major influence. When Jared's father was young, he was not permitted to express their anger at home. In Thus, his son sent an unknown part of his character, the angry child repressed "(Exodus 34, 7).

Indeed, the Old Testament is an irrefutable source of unquestionable scientific rigor. And is that the author later says " God has given us all the ability to heal and completely recover anytime ". The truth is that it does not seem acceptable that a psychotherapist charge its patients if the work is going to do another, and I suppose the ethical committee of our professional association would have something to say about it.

But references to the healing power of the Supreme Being are not there to sample some other gems:

" the person in recovery needs to heal your mind, your heart, body and spirit. You need to have real intimacy with oneself, with God, others and Creation. "

" a true and lasting healing to take place when the love of God to manifest and experience through of the people. "

course the proposed therapy is not the exclusive concern of God, also can help in healing from down here :

"You have to do enough exercise, sports and entertainment, and eating a proper diet . It may be useful to weight training with the help of a trained therapist. "

Well, last I read this very reassuring, because I think some of my gay friends are in the right direction, and they love the gym and weight training with qualified trainers. However, I have not noticed any indication that they are becoming heterosexual but rather the opposite. Every time you see them more happy and satisfied with their "deviance."

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Leo in the Country Weekly article on the work of David Barker, a British epidemiologist who found a significant relationship between low birth weight one hand, and hypertension, cardiovascular disease and some forms of diabetes in adulthood, on the other side. I had read about this finding in Matt Ridley's book "What makes us human," and although at that I spend time in an entry time passed without being put to it so now I find a great opportunity to pay my debt.

Barker prenatally to a sort of primer on the baby who is prepared to adapt to the world we will live. Thus, if a woman is stressed and has insufficient food during pregnancy, the fetus plays through the mother to wait a context of life stress and food shortages and reprograms your metabolism to adapt to this difficult world. For example, the baby develops a resistance to insulin which facilitates the accumulation of fat in times of need. What was not foreseen is that in childhood would not have such a lack of calories but on the contrary, a world with excess sweets and pastries, so that baby born with low birth weight show a clear tendency to gain weight throughout his life, and hence the increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The child was born with the wrong program.

These data reveal how genetic programs are not fully closed, and are likely to be influenced by the contexts of development during the fetal period and also during the first years of life. This flexibility makes sense to ensure a better adaptation to a world that is constantly changing. Another example of how this can be reversed early reprogramming is found in relation to the type of attachment established between the infant and a caregiver in early childhood. As we have told elsewhere (see here ), although newborns are genetically programmed to bond with their caregivers, develop a type of bond or another type of care received from them. Thus, the link may be safe, unsafe or insecure avoidant ambivalent.

Although normally secure attachment can have a clear evolutionary advantage, in less favorable situations of insecure attachments can be displayed above. This would apply to children born in difficult and very limited resources in which parents may pay little attention to their offspring. In these contexts of developing self-reliance displayed by the avoidant children would ensure their survival, so this type of attachment would have an important adaptive value. However, as was the case with infants studied by Barker, in most cases these high-stress family situations and conflicts would not be a reflection of a world of shortages, but a specific situation because it would not be continued along of life of these children. Therefore, we could also say that these babies had been programmed to live in the wrong conditions, and its "tools" socio-emotional not be best suited to interact with peers, to mate and raise their children in a less-than-expected deficit.

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buggy on the task of educating

R ecojo in a bookstore a free copy of Mercury magazine, which often offer interesting articles and reviews about the outlook for the current literature. In this case my interest is higher because it includes a monograph on the task of educating. When I open the magazine hoping to find opinions on the subject by some experts on the subject I was surprised that the article that opens the monograph is provided by Antonio Muñoz Molina, undoubtedly one of our best contemporary writers, but whose relationship with the educational world is for me unknown. After reading my puzzlement is even greater, as their views on education are not very different from that of my local newsagent, but better expressed, of course. That is, a series of trite clichés and outrageous attack on our country's teachers that reflect a profound misunderstanding of the educational world. Given my admiration for the author of Sefarad, this article leaves me quite misplaced I wonder how can the same person as analysis of different levels of depth. The answer could be found in postpiagetianos studies that have shown that the content of a particular issue or problem and our familiarity with it clearly influence the quality of our thinking about it and its resolution.

The main justification for their attacks on the group of professionals in science education seems to be the responsibility Muñoz ascribed to them in many of the changes in legislation occurred in Spain. The misinformation of the novelist is important if we consider that the main positions in the Ministry of Education when it introduced the LOGSE were made by professors of physics (Pérez Rubalcaba), or evolutionary psychology and education (Alvaro Marchesi, Cesar Coll, Jesus Palacios). This widespread discrediting of an entire professional group seems rather the result of personal issues for me unknown, and a mistaken attribution of responsibility. Or is what is riskier attack the educational psychology and its professionals?

I continue to read the monograph and my astonishment increases, as the following article is an interview with the juvenile judge Emilio Calatayud. In this case already knew some of his views on education in the family and school, so I can not say I produce surprise. This excellent judge takes several years to spread their ideas through different media and based on their experience with a highly skewed population, so the generalization from it is the least risky. It is not surprising that this experience will lead to the conclusion that the main problem of today's youth is an excess of permissiveness, making rescue calls for the authority figures at family and school. Well, I say I do not have some truth, but I also think that the analysis of the educational made by the judge is pretty simplistic, and that our youth need something different to hand back hard. Calatayud is within your rights to express their views in the media, what is worrying is that much more authoritative voices have fewer opportunities to do so, and we should acknowledge that the judge's show is very popular media: topics and simple ideas expressed with grace and accessible language.

The opinion of another author, Ricardo Moreno, is not very different from Muñoz Molina, although in this case is an education professional. Moreno reflection revolves around a view that he attributes to "eminent educationists" means that should not be educating students to be uncritical and obedient, and that he misrepresented and manipulated by equating the critical intelligence, which must surely be an important goal of education, with disobedience and disrespect for authority. It appears that Professor Moreno is stopped the clock at times Summerhill, since no current educational trend that I know, rejects the importance of promoting values \u200b\u200band respect for the rules. From there, Moreno's entire argument falls under its own weight, clearly reaching conventional levels according to the moral development proposal made by Lawrence Kohlberg .

Next article by José Antonio Marina, is more sensible and informed, and could not be otherwise if we consider that this is an intellectual who has spent years delving into the intricacies of educational matters. As a counterpoint to previous authors, Marina said "a teaching book is a treatise on the transfiguration of human reality." However, one begins to tire of reading always the same opinionated, which is that Marina is omnipresent.

's reflection Justo Serna, below, is more literary, and from the example of the experience of the protagonist of "The Mirror of the Sea" by Joseph Conrad stresses the importance of parents and educators as figures to set an example to young people about how to navigate the turns and unpredictable waters of today's world.

Finally I am surprised that the article closes the monograph is provided by Jose Manuel Sanchez Ron, and I fear the same thing happens to me I happened to read the reflection of Muñoz Molina: that I fall a myth. Well none of that, as this prestigious historian of science, is certainly a much stronger intellectual to rave so much, and simply sets out the educational ideas of Bertrand Russell. Ron Sanchez probably has had to recall the proverb contains some interesting hints and tips about the wisdom in the field of opinion on matters that do not know well, such as "shoemaker to your shoes" or "Loose lips sink ships."
Surely in this country we would be better if everyone is dedicated to what really is good at.

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Mother at age 10 on Sanchez

l E recent pregnancy and subsequent birth of a girl of 10 years (see here ) is surprising and shows the advance of puberty has occurred in last decades in most European countries, and around two years. The best conditions of life, but also the influence of certain pollutants on the endocrine system may be responsible for this development. Several studies have found a link between precocious puberty and the use of pesticides in intensive farming and hormones in food and raising livestock. On the other hand, some childhood experiences, especially having to do with the kind of emotional bond established with parents, can influence the physiological mechanisms involved in the onset of puberty. From this point of view, precocious puberty may be determined by family stress, depression, divorce, family reconstitution, more common in Western society today that lead to the establishment of links of insecure attachment.

The earlier onset of pubertal changes have their influence on emotional and behavioral aspects. On the one hand, we meet children who still show a significant and psychological immaturity, however, have an advanced physical maturity, circumstances, several studies have considered an important risk factor for psychological and behavioral adjustment of adolescents , especially for girls. Therefore, many behaviors that until recently were those of youth and adolescents are becoming common in late childhood: Relations Home partner, consumer behavior, technology use, etc.

Although greater involvement in risky behaviors may be due in part to the fact that these children relate to other older, we now know that there are some brain mechanisms involved as decision-making depends largely on balance between two brain circuits or systems: the mesolimbic reward, which leads to the pursuit of pleasurable experiences, and the prefrontal cortex, which helps us plan our actions, calculate the risks and inhibit behavior deemed inappropriate. As explained here , precocious puberty promotes the imbalance between these brain systems placing the adolescent boy or girl in a situation of greater vulnerability that will lead to more impulsive and thoughtless behavior.

Therefore, for this young mother warning us about some of the risks these early puberties can bring partners, and makes more necessary than ever to carry out preventive policies aimed not only to adolescents, but to children and prepubertal girls. This prevention should include a real sex education, which can not remain pending in most English schools.

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Drago and child sexual abuse

L sexual abuse I have always existed, are in no way a product of society. In the past the rights and needs of the children were never a priority, and physical abuse, neglect or sexual or labor exploitation were part of everyday life of children, and are still pounding the other children countries and cultures.

was Freud who first brought up the high incidence of child sexual abuse, but perhaps to the hype that this situation could create backtracked, and found that these memories were the result of childish fantasy. However, since the first Kinsey studies, has accumulated abundant empirical evidence indicating that a large percentage of children, usually between 10 and 20% sexually abused in childhood. We also have plenty of data that point to serious emotional consequences that these abuses have for those who suffer: shame, guilt, fear, stigma, low self-esteem, depression, suicide attempts, etc..

currently these devastating effects are usually well known to most of the population that rejects and repels this type of behavior. It is true that in the past awareness of the seriousness of these events was lower, and can even be said that there was a certain tolerance for sex with minors when they were boys or girls who had reached puberty.

can be understood in this context that many adults are involved in such activities, otherwise it could hardly explain the high prevalence found retrospective studies. And also help us to understand that even some adults recognize these abuses to known or even unknown. This is the case of some writers like Jaime Gil de Biedermann, who in his memoirs "Diary of a seriously ill artist describes in great detail his relationship with Filipino children. However, this work was written in 1974, and much abuse before, so although not justifiable under any circumstances, as defense can say that when you wrote the book these acts did not generate much rejection.

However, the book by Fernando Sanchez Drago in which he acknowledged having sex with two Japanese children about 13 years has seen the light now, that is, at a time when the character knows well the evil nature of their acts. Therefore, it has recognized the abuses openly and even publicly boast of them tell us clearly the moral standing of the subject. And their justification is that listening might think that this old writer living rooted in the past and considers that child sexual abuse are even instructions for them. Now we know one of the reasons why they feel so passionately Sanchez Drago in the East.

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Internet Addiction "?

I nternet has reached the age of majority, and its use is so widespread that we would be hard to imagine life without him, since many of the actions we do through the network would be unthinkable, or very complicated without it. But as is often the case when a new technology come new concerns about the negative consequences that may result from its use. Internet could not be less, and proliferate in recent years calls attention to its enormous addictive. It is possible that we spend many more hours than necessary slicing through virtual seas, chatting, repeatedly referring to our e-mail or checking if there are developments in web pages or blog to follow. But could we dare to say that the Internet causes addiction?

Without doubt this is a controversial issue among experts, even the opportunity to discuss this addiction be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV). Perhaps the fundamental problem is to determine whether excessive Internet use fits the definition of addiction and that is where questions begin to emerge, as some experts are more like a compulsive behavior.

The compulsion is based on the principles of dependency, need and desire, and is more directed at reducing the anxiety that obtaining pleasure, ie it is negatively reinforced. In contrast, addiction occurs both components related to the reduction of anxiety or pain as pleasure seeking. Ie mingle both impulsive and compulsive, and negative and positive reinforcements.

Another difference between compulsion and addiction has to do with physical changes, especially the brain, generated by the second. Thus, individuals with drug addiction are not able to quit their addiction without experiencing consequences of these brain changes such as gastrointestinal disturbances, changes in blood pressure, or interruptions in the normal functioning of memory, attention or decision decisions.

On the other hand, one can argue against the consideration of Internet abuse as an addiction that is only a means of communication through any some people satisfy their addiction to sex, gambling or shopping, but not an addiction in itself.

For now, Internet addiction does not exist as such in DSM IV, nor sex addiction, although it is likely that the accumulation of empirical evidence lead to their inclusion in the DSM V, and we can talk about real addiction. Meanwhile, more and more often meet people who show a lack of control over their abusive behavior despite the destructive consequences that their behavior can have for your family or professional life. Aware that excessive use should be a first step, regardless of whether it is an addictive or compulsive disorder, make a more rational use of internet.

Some warning signs.

Do you check your e-mail constantly, even when you wake up in the morning before going to the bathroom?

Have you stopped going out with your friends or set aside any social commitment to spend more time online?

Do your friends or relatives complain about the time you spend online?

Do you prefer to use the Internet to sleep?

Do you feel that you spend too much time online? Would you

goats if someone or something interferes with your time spent surfing the web?
Do you prefer the network to the real world?

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On Friday October 15th the exhibition closes at the headquarters of the Arucas Guanarteme Fundación Mapfre.

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The impact of the crisis on families

E ast Wednesday I had the opportunity to participate in the conference sponsored by the Foundation for Assistance to Drug Addiction " The impact of the crisis on some families instead." The English company has more than two years immersed in economic crisis, and I think it is very necessary to stop and analyze what might be the consequences for families who are being hit by an unprecedented crisis in our young democracy.

Some data are already evident, as is the decrease in the number of divorces and separations. And it is to break the marriage costs a lot, and when it is scarce, couples can choose to keep coexistence, although this is very complicated. For years we know that the relationship between the family's economic situation and the marital relationship is paradoxical, because if on one hand the lack of resources increases marital conflict, it also puts the spouses to a divorce malavenidos very difficult because maintaining two homes is very expensive for an economy battered family.

Therefore, we are seeing familiar situations in which the loss of use of one or two members of the couple, or the threat of its loss leads to increased family stress can make it more likely that situations aggression and gender violence or child abuse, since there is enough empirical evidence indicating that this stress is a major risk factor for both types of violence. In relation to violence against women is noteworthy that unemployment is affecting the productive sectors (industry, construction), traditionally male, so they are increasing the number of families in which the man loses his job and is in a situation of dependence on women. This new balance of power is not always well accepted by man, you may want to compensate by physical domination.

can also be severely damaged parent-child relationships, especially at times they are more complicated as early adolescence. The causes of this deterioration may be related to increased levels of stress generated by unemployment and economic hardship, but their weight may also have increased the negative view of adolescence, leading some parents to make biased interpretations and prejudices of some behaviors that are normative children during this time. As we have already had occasion to comment in a previous post, the image society has of his youth and adolescents often encompass social changes. So while at times is needed for rapid incorporation into the work of new generations, as in war and postwar periods, they tend to present as mature and responsible, in situations of crisis that image is replaced by a less favorable, it does not pursue other purpose but to keep them away from employment and social participation.

In other moments of excess labor data have emerged that have supported the importance for child development of mothering, from the risks of substitute care in nurseries and kindergartens. In this way it was intended to keep women away from a labor market in low hours. But those were different times, and I refuse to think of a regression in women's work. We to reflect further on the implications for families in this economic crisis, which so reluctant to abandon shown.

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N or doubt that the living conditions of children have improved markedly in the Western world, both in regard to food, hygiene and physical conditions of aging, such as affective treatment children receive, but all have disappeared in situations of neglect or abuse.

These changes in the contexts in which children can grow up to produce some paradoxical situations. Thus, excessive hygiene, and characterizes a large number of developed Western societies, has influenced the increased risk of allergies and autoimmune diseases that have these children compared to those living in less developed countries, where hygiene is lower. At least this is the main conclusion of a study conducted at Duke University and funded by the National Institutes of Health USA and the Foundation Fannie E. Rippel.

psychological level also tend to protect more than avoiding all kinds of frustrations and conflicts, and we should ask whether this excess of zeal overprotective can not also involve some effects undesirable.

Some data from studies that have taken place recently may be pointing in that direction. Thus, in a longitudinal study in which we have followed 100 adolescents from 13 to 23 years we have found that those boys and girls who reported more disputes and conflicts with their mothers and fathers were 13 years old who a decade later showed better psychological adjustment. This information can be easily explained, is that parent-child conflict in early adolescence act as a catalyst that precipitated the change must experience the relationship between parents and children to adapt to new needs arising with the onset of puberty. That is, conflicts are necessary at this stage provided the parent to be flexible and have plenty of waist to fit, since in such cases tend to resolve conflicts appropriately and will disappear to make way for a more mature and harmonious.

may seem more surprising data from another longitudinal study, led by Professor Arranz University of the Basque Country, on a sample of 551 children studied at 5 and 8 years, and we found that those children who at first were exposed to more marital conflict showed greater cognitive development three years later. No doubt a very shocking fact is not easy to interpret. This finding could be understood taking into account the behavioral development of resilience that would have been able to develop the children in the sample before exposure to the conflict in T1. Children in the sample of this study exposure to conflict in T1 could act as a resilient behavior favoring the backdrop of a proper family. Thus, exposure to different situations of conflict may have created an internal conflict that serves to activate the cognitive development by seeking an understanding of the situation. Specifically, the dispute could hasten the overcoming of selfishness cognitive characteristic of children of 5 years. Although

should further deepen the study of the psychological consequences of conflict for the development of children and adolescents, it seems hardly advisable to remove our children from all kinds of frustrations and conflicts. Many of these situations can be used to make them more resistant.


Arranz, E., Oliva, A., Olabarrieta, F, Sanchez, M. & Richards, M. (2010). Quality of family context and cognitive development: A cross sectional and longitudinal study. Journal of Family Studies, 16, 2. (See here )

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Anta T lack of productivity on this blog I am concerned, and before that breeds cobwebs and as I become the inspiration and desire that kidnapped the summer, I hang more pictures of Vietnam. It increasingly looks like the blog of a fotero than a psychologist.

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